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CONNECTIVE TISSUE (Functions (provides elasticity # #, transport system #…
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Functions
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protects and insulates internal organs # # #
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supports and strengthens other tissues # # # # # # #
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binds structures together # # #
Specialised
cells
Adipocytes
- fat cells - store energy in form of fat
Leukocytes
(WBC)
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Plasma cells - develop from B lymphocytes and produce antibodies that fight against foreign substances
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- secrete protein fibres (form chains outside cell) and matrix
Connective
Tissue
Proper
Loose
Connective
Tissue
Adipose
CT
Cells - fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells
Fibres - collagen, elastic, reticular
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F - support, reduce heat loss, energy reserve, protection, brown fat in newborns
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Reticular
CT
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L - stroma of organs, bind together cells of smooth muscle
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Areolar
CT
Cells - fibroblasts, plasma, macrophages, mast cells, WBC
Fibres - collagen, elastic, reticular
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Dense
Connective
Tissue
Dense
irregular
CT
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L - found where tension exerted in any direction
- heart valves, perichondrium, tissue surrounding cartilage, periosteum, white of eyeball
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-
Elastic
CT
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L - lung tissue, vocal cords, ligament between vertebrae, aorta
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Dense
regular
CT
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L - tendons (connect muscle to bone), ligaments (bind bone to bone)
F - support and strength, binds together
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more numerous, thicker and dense fibres
considerably fewer cells than loose connective tissue
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Structure
- abundant and widely distributed
- two basic elements: extracellular matrix and specialised cells (immature cells (-blast) and mature cells (-cyte))
- cells rarely touch
- extracellular matrix secreted by cells
- consistency varies
- good nerve and blood supply (except cartilage and tendons)
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Extracellular
matrix
Ground
substance
- proteoglycans (proteins carrying large unbranched highly charged polysaccharide side chains) and glycoproteins
- fluid, gelatinous or solid
- makes sure nutrients are exchanged between cells and outside
- equivalent of cytosol outside cells
Fibres
Collagen fibres
S - composed of collagen protein
F - tough and resistant to stretching. Allow some flexibility
L - bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
Elastic fibres
S - composed of elastin protein surrounded by fibrillin glycoprotein
F - provide strength and stretching capacity
L - skin, blood vessels lungs
- proteins secreted by fibroblast cells
Reticular fibres
S - composed of collagen protein and a specific glycoprotein
F - support wall of blood vessels, spleen, lymph nodes, nerve fibres, supporting network around fat cells, skeletal and smooth muscle fibres